Notes - Hirohito's War

   
Chapter 1 - Empires in Conflict
Chapter 2 - Ultra-nationalism and the Death of Democracy
Chapter 3 - Japan versus China: From Phoney War to Total War
Chapter 4 - Mobilization for War in Asia: America and Japan
Chapter 5 - Pearl Harbor: Yamamoto’s Great Mistake
Chapter 6 - Plan ORANGE and MacArthur’s Philippines Debacle
Chapter 7 - Invasion of Malaya: Yamashita’s ‘Bicycle Blitzkrieg’
Chapter 8 - Fall of Singapore: Churchill’s Sacrificial Pawn
Chapter 9 - Burma Corps: Humiliation Then a Fighting Retreat
Chapter 10 - Dutch East Indies and Japan’s Quest for Oil
Chapter 11 - Limits of Empire: Doolittle and New Military Strategies
Chapter 12 - Battle of the Coral Sea: The First Carrier ‘Shoot-Out’
Chapter 13 - Battle of Midway: Nimitz’s Lucky Day
Chapter 14 - Battles of the Kokoda Trail: Aussies Triumphant
Chapter 15 - Guadalcanal: Battles of Tulagi, Savo Island, Tenaru and East Solomons
Chapter 16 - Guadalcanal: Battle of Edson’s (Bloody) Ridge
Chapter 17 - Guadalcanal: Henderson Field and the Santa Cruz Islands
Chapter 18 - Battles of Buna-Gona-Sanananda: MacArthur’s Lies and Neglect
Chapter 19 - Guadalcanal: Battle of Tassafaronga and Final Reckonings
Chapter 20 - Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Tipping Point of US Air Supremacy
Chapter 21 - Yamamoto Assassinated and the Battle of New Georgia
Chapter 22 - The Huon Peninsula: Operation CARTWHEEL Completed
Chapter 23 - The Isolation of Rabaul and the Starvation of Bougainville
Chapter 24 - The Battles of Arakan, Imphal, and Kohima: Slim Boxes Clever
Chapter 25 - The ICHI-GO Campaign and the Battle of Myitkyina
Chapter 26 - Battle for China: FDR, Chiang, Mao, and ‘Vinegar Joe’
Chapter 27 - Jump to Hollandia: MacArthur’s Greatest Victory
Chapter 28 - Pacific Island Hop: The Gilberts, Marshalls, and Carolines
Chapter 29 - The Great Marianas ‘Turkey Shoot’
Chapter 30 - The Invasions of Saipan, Tinian, and Guam: General Tojo Upended
Chapter 31 - The Battle of Leyte Gulf: ‘Bull’ Halsey’s Mad Dash for Glory
Chapter 32 - “I Have Returned”: MacArthur Regains the Philippines
Chapter 33 - The Battle of the Irrawaddy River: Slim’s ‘Mandalay Feint’
Chapter 34 - Iwo Jima: The Iconic Battle of the Pacific War
Chapter 35 - The Battle of Okinawa: Slaughter of the Innocents
Chapter 36 - LeMay’s B-29 Superfortresses over Japan: Cities in Ashes
Chapter 37 - Potsdam, Hirohito, and the Atom Bomb
APPENDIX A - SUBMARINES: THE UNDERSEA WAR
APPENDIX B - RAW MATERIALS AND LOGISTICS
APPENDIX C - ECONOMICS OF THE PACIFIC WAR
APPENDIX D - THE JAPANESE EMPIRE – FROM CO-PROSPERITY TO TYRANNY
APPENDIX E - TYPHOONS AND DIVINE WINDS: KAMIKAZE
APPENDIX K - THE BATTLE OF HONG KONG
APPENDIX L - THE BATTLES OF ATTU AND KISKA
APPENDIX N - THE ROLE OF OIL IN THE PACIFIC WAR
APPENDIX O - JAPANESE–SOVIET CONFLICT IN SIBERIA, MONGOLIA AND MANCHURIA

CHAPTER 35 – THE BATTLE OF OKINAWA

1           Toland, John, Rising Sun, The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936-1945 (Random House, New York, 1970: Reprinted 2003) p.701

2           Yahara, Hiromichi, The Battle for Okinawa (Wiley, 2002) p.47

3           Buell, Thomas B., The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond Spruance (Naval Institute Press, 1987; reissue 2009) p.375

4           Hastings, Max, Nemesis, The Battle for Japan 1944-5 (Harper Perennial, London, 2008) p.104

5           Ibid., p.105

6           Buell, Spruance, p.381

7           Yahara, The Battle for Okinawa, p.9

8           Ibid., p.10

9           Ibid., p.12

10         Costello, John, The Pacific War, 1941-1945 (Harper Perennial, New York, 2009) p.555

11        Ibid., p.555

12         Yahara, The Battle for Okinawa , p.24

13         Ibid., p.49

14         Hopkins, William, B., The Pacific War, The Strategy, Politics, and Players that won the War (Zenith Press, Minneapolis, 2008) p.306

15         Ibid., p.306

16         Spector, Ronald H., Eagle Against the Sun. The American War with Japan (Cassel & Co., London, 2001) p.540

17         Costello, The Pacific War, John, p.557

18         Leckie, Robert, Okinawa, The Last Battle of World War II (Penguin Books, London, 1995) p.72

19         Costello, The Pacific War, p.557

20         Buell, Spruance, p.379

21         Kinzey, Bert, F6F Hellcat in detail and scale (D&S Vol.26) (AirLife Publishing Ltd., Shrewsbury,1987) p.58

22         Styling, Mark, Corsair Aces of World War 2 (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces No 8). London: Osprey Publishing, 1995) p.9-10

23         Toland, The Rising Sun, p.711

24         Buell, Spruance, p.385

25         Leckie, Okinawa, p.115

26         Griffith, Thomas E., Jr., MacArthur's Airman: General George C. Kenney and the War in the Southwest Pacific (Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1998) p.223

27         Potter, E.B., Nimitz (Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1976) p.375

28         Buell, Spruance, p.387

29         Ibid., p.387

30         Spector, The American War with Japan, p.539

31         Taylor, The Magnificent Mitscher (Naval Institute Press; New edition edition, March 2006; originally Norton, New York, 1954) p.287

32         Potter, Nimitz, p.376

33         Ibid., p.376

34         Ibid., p.380

35         Ibid., p.382

36         Bix, Herbert, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (Duckworth, London, 2000) p.484

37         Potter, Nimitz, p.372

38         Buell, Thomas B., Master of Seapower: A Biography of Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King (Naval Institute Press, 2012) p.470

39         Ibid., p.470

40         Ibid., p.471

41         Ibid., p.471

42         Ibid., p.471

43         Buell, Spruance, p.386-7

44         Supplement to the London Gazette, 1 June, 1948

45         Toland, Rising Sun, p.689

46         Leckie, Okinawa, p.93

47         Buell, Spruance, p.384

48         Toland, Rising Sun, p.692

49         Taylor, The Magnificent Mitscher, p.270

50         Ibid., p.284

51         Taylor, The Magnificent Mitscher, p.304

52         Costello, The Pacific War, p.560

53         Bix, Hirohito, p.485

54         Ambrose, Hugh, The Pacific (Canongate Books, New York, 2010) p.414

55         Alexander, Colonel Joseph H., The Final Campaign, Marines in the Victory on Okinawa: www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Okinawa/index.html p.41

56         Ambrose, The Pacific, p.415

57         Yahara, The Battle for Okinawa, p.133

58         Ibid., p.138

59         Yahara, The Battle of Okinawa, p.155

60         Ibid., p.155

61         Toland, Rising Sun, p.723

62         Feifer, George, The Battle of Okinawa (The Lyons Press, 2001) p.374

63         Ambrose, Hugh, The Pacific (Canongate Books, New York, 2010) p.395

64         The Japan Times, 29 March 2008

65         Ambrose, The Pacific, p.426