Notes - Hirohito's War
CHAPTER 2 – ULTRANATIONALISM AND THE DEATH OF DEMOCRACY
1 Hotta, Eri, Japan 1941, Countdown to Infamy (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2013) p.126
2 Ibid., p.100
3 Ibid., p.101
4 Iguchi, Takeo, Demystifying Pearl Harbor: A New Perspective from Japan (I-House Press, 2010) p.39
5 Bergamini, David, Japan’s Imperial Conspiracy; How the Emperor Hirohito Led Japan into War against the West (Edwin Mellen Press, 2006) p.419
6 Ibid., p.421
7 Hotta, Eri, Pan-Asianism and Japan’s War 1931 - 1945 (Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2007) p.100
8 Bergamini, Japan’s Imperial Conspiracy, p.430
9 Ibid., p.431
10 Ibid., p.427
11 Ogata, Sadako, Defiance in Manchuria, The Making of Japanese Foreign Policy (University of California Press, 1964) p.171-172
12 Van der Vat, Dan, Pacific Campaign: The US – Japanese Naval War 1941- 1945 (Simon and Schuster Paperbacks, New York, 1992) p.52
13 Li, Peter, Japanese War Crimes: The Search for Justice (Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, Fifth Print 2009: First Publication 2003) p.63
14 Barnhart, Michael, Japan Prepares for Total War, The Search for Economic Security 1919 – 1941 (Cornell University, 1987) p.19
15 Kawaha, Toshiaki, Hirohito and his Times (Kodansha International, 1990) p.108
16 Utley, Jonathan G., Going to War with Japan 1937 – 1941 (Fordham University Press, New York, 2005) p.91
17 Saaler, Sven and Christopher W. A. Szpilman, eds., Pan-Asianism, A Documentary History, Volume 2: 1920 – Present: Szpilman, Kanokogi Kazunobu: Imperial Asia, 1937, in Pan-Asianism: A Documentary History, Volume 2: 1920 – Present (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2011) p.257
18 Barnhart, Japan Prepares for Total War, p.55
19 Ibid., p.74
20 Szpilman, Kanokogi Kazunobu, p.242
21 Ibid., p.243
22 Sven Saaler and J. Victor Koschmann, eds., Pan-Asianism in Modern Japanese History, colonialism, Regionalism and Borders: Christopher W.A. Szpilman, Between Pan-Asianism and Nationalism, Mitsukawa Kametaro and his campaign to reform Japan and liberate Asia (Routledge, New York, 2007) p.92-93
23 Saaler and Szpilman: Szpilman, Kanokogi Kazunobu, p.242
24 Ibid., p.243
25 Reynolds, E. Bruce, ed., Japan in the Fascist Era: Christopher W.A. Szpilman, Fascist and Quasi-Fascist Ideas in Interwar Japan 1918-1941 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004) p.75
26 Saaler and Koschmann, eds., Pan-Asianism in Modern Japanese History: Szpilman, Mitsukawa Kametaro (Routledge, 2007) p.92
27 Ibid., p.93
28 Ibid., p.96
29 Reynolds, ed., Japan in the Fascist Era: Szpilman, Fascist and Quasi-Fascist Ideas, p.75
30 Ibid., p.79
31 Nagai, Hisomu (1946)
32 Reynolds, ed., Japan in the Fascist Era: Szpilman, Fascist and Quasi-Fascist Ideas Szpilman, p.84
33 Ibid., p.81
34 Ibid., p.98
35 Szpilman, Kita Ikki and the Politics of Coercion, p.474
36 Reynolds, ed., Japan in the Fascist Era: Szpilman, Fascist and Quasi-Fascist Ideas Szpilman, p.77
37 Szpilman, Kita Ikki and the Politics of Coercion, p.479
38 Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States, Volume 2 Grover Cleveland (1885) to Barack H. Obama (2009) (Applewood Books, Bedford, Massachusetts, 2009) p.87
39 Colvin, Nomonhan, p.220
40 Hotta, Pan-Asianism, p.97
41 Ibid., p.167
42 Saaler and Szpilman: Szpilman, Kanokogi Kazunobu, p.267
43 Ibid., p.95
44 Saaler and Koschmann, eds., Pan-Asianism in Modern Japanese History: Szpilman, Mitsukawa Kametaro (Routledge, 2007) p.98
45 Ibid., p.98
46 Hotta, Pan-Asianism, p.39
47 Ibid., p.39
48 Ibid., p.95
49 Ibid., p.101
50 Saaler and Szpilman: Szpilman, Kanokogi Kazunobu, p.251
51 Hotta, Pan-Asianism, p.121
52 Saaler and Szpilman: Szpilman, Kanokogi Kazunobu, p.253
53 Ibid., p.262
54 Ibid., p.253
55 Bergamini, Japan’s Imperial Conspiracy, p.67
56 Saaler and Koschmann, eds., Pan-Asianism in Modern Japanese History: Szpilman, Mitsukawa Kametaro (Routledge, 2007) p.99
57 Hotta, Pan-Asianism, p.166
58 Ibid., p.152
59 Ibid., p.103
60 Reynolds, ed., Japan in the Fascist Era, p.142
61 Irokwawa, Daikichi, The Age of Hirohito, In Search of Modern Japan (The Free Press, New York, 1995) p.25
62 Ibid., p.17
63 Ibid., p.19
64 Dower, Japan in War and Peace, p.34
65 Reynolds, ed., Japan in the Fascist Era, Walter Skya, Fascist Encounters: German Nazis and Japanese Shinto Ultranationalists, p.58
66 Ibid., p.148
67 Ibid., p.49
68 Buruma, The Wages of Guilt, Memories of War in Germany and Japan (Plume, 1995) p.9-10
69 Reynolds, Japan in the Fascist Era: Skya, Fascist Encounters, p.149
70 Ibid., p.149
71 Duus, Peter, ed., The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 6 The Twentieth Century, Duus, and Mitani, Taichiro, The Establishment of Party Cabinets (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1988, 9th Printing) p.89
72 Duus, ed., The Cambridge History of Japan: Duus and Mitani, The Establishment of Party Cabinets 1898 - 1932, p.64
73 Duus, ed., The Cambridge History of Japan, Berger, Gordon, Politics and Mobilisation in Japan 1931 - 1945, p.112
74 Duus, ed., The Cambridge History of Japan: Berger, Politics and Mobilisation in Japan 1931 – 1945, p.113
75 Sims, Richard, Japanese Political History Since the Meiji Renovation (Hurst & Co., 2002) p.194
76 Sims, Japanese Political History, p.191
77 Duus, ed., The Cambridge History of Japan: Duus and Mitani, The Establishment of Party Cabinets 1898 - 1932, p.88
78 Hoare, J.E., Tadashi Kuramatsu, A Great Ordinary Man: Saito Makato (1858 -1936) and Anglo Japanese Relations (Japan Library, 1999) p.194
79 Goldstein, Eric and John Maurer, Editor, The Washington Conference, 1921-1922, Naval Rivalry, East Asian Stability and the road to Pearl Harbor (Routledge, 2012, First Published Frank Cass 1994) p.164
80 Bergamini, Japan’s Imperial Conspiracy, p.641-2
81 Ibid., p.642
82 Ibid., p.646
83 Kawaha, Hirohito and his Times, p.77
84 Toland, John, Rising Sun, The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936-1945 (Random House, New York, 1970: Reprinted 2003) p.30
85 Bergamini, Japan’s Imperial Conspiracy, p.659
86 Berger, A Cambridge History of Japan, p.122
87 Hotta, Japan 1941, p.119
88 Ibid., p.121
89 Chang, Yung, and Halliday Jon, Mao, The Unknown Story (Jonathan Cape, 2005) p.181
90 Fenby, Jonathan, China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power (Penguin, London, 2001) p.271
91 Chang and Halliday, Mao, The Unknown Story, p.181
92 Sun Tzu, The Art of War (Oxford University Press)
93 Chang and Halliday, Mao, The Unknown Story, p.215
94 Pakula, Hannah, The Last Empress, Madame Chiang Kai-Shek and the Birth of Modern China (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2010) p.251
95 Ibid., p.251
96 Taylor, The Generalissimo, Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China (Harvard University Press, Boston, 2011) p.124
97 Snow, Edgar, Red Star over China (Garden City Pub. Co., 1939) p.65
98 Chang and Halliday, Mao, The Unknown Story, p.187-8
99 Ibid., p.189
100 Dillon, Terrance, Rangoon to Kohima (Regimental Headquarters, The Gloucester Regiment, 1978) p.225
101 Pakula, The Last Empress, p.257
102 Taylor, Jay, The Generalissimo, Chiang Kai Shek and the Struggle for Modern China (First Harvard University Press, Paperback Edition, 2011) p.129
103 Mao and Halliday, Mao, The Unknown Story, p.193
104 Pakula, The Last Empress, p.256
105 Fenby, China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, p.272
106 Taylor, Generalissimo, p.142
107 Irokwawa, Daikichi, The Age of Hirohito, In Search of Modern Japan (The Free Press, New York, 1995) p.22